Globally, the human population is increasingly residing in urban areas, and it is predicted that by 2050, 68% of the global population will live in cities. As cities expand and densify, they often do so at the expense of trees and forests. This trend contributes to the global environmental problems of climate change, biodiversity loss and land use change. Urban trees and forests have a valuable role in mitigating these environmental issues, as well as providing a suite of other benefits to urban communities. As governments realise these benefits, strategies are being devised to support and increase urban trees and forests. In Australia, urban canopy cover is increasing on public land, but continuing to decline on private land. This short book reviews the existing regulatory mechanisms which are relevant to protecting and increasing urban trees and forests on private land in Australia. It covers research, legislation and case law relevant to each mechanism and includes discussions of research on the effectiveness (or otherwise) of these mechanisms in reversing the decline of urban forest on private land.