Rising sea levels, caused by climate change and exacerbated by human activities, pose an urgent and growing challenge for coastal regions worldwide. This phenomenon has significant environmental, economic and social impacts, increasing the vulnerability of coastal communities to extreme events and habitat loss. This study aims to review and analyse the different adaptation strategies adopted in coastal areas to mitigate the impacts of sea level rise. It seeks to identify and categorise the main adaptation approaches, compare strategy in different contexts and analyse the different adaptation strategies implemented in coastal areas to mitigate the impacts of sea level rise, exploring how nature-based solutions have been incorporated into these approaches. Through a systematic literature review, 59 studies published between 2018 and 2024 in the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases were analysed. Using specific criteria and keywords related to sea level rise and adaptation strategies, the selected articles were evaluated in relation to the solutions applied in different contexts. The analysis was structured into categories (I) public policies, (II) nature-based solutions—NbS, (III) retreat, (IV) gray infrastructure, (V) indicators, (VI) landscape change, (VII) remote sensing, (VIII) accommodation, and (IX) floating architecture. The results indicate that NbS remains an under-addressed strategy in relation to sea level rise, being more commonly used in hybrid solutions. Effective adaptation requires an integrated approach that combines public policies, ecosystem restoration, and resilient infrastructure. Additionally, strategies must be tailored to local conditions, considering specific environmental and social factors. The conclusion is that expanding local research, strengthening international cooperation and encouraging technological and architectural innovations are key elements in building more resilient coastal zones in the face of the challenges posed by climate change.