One of the challenges in the case of data storage is data corruption. To avoid data corruption while transmitting the message Error Correcting Codes (ECC) are used. ECC is an encoding technique that helps to protect data while transmitting the message as a binary number. The message can be recovered even if some bits are mistakenly flipped. This chapter discusses several contributions associated with turbo codes in short block lengths, binary turbo coded BICM scheme for JPWL image transmission, Modified Viterbi Decoder with Convolution Codes, Flip Left-to-Right Approach Based Inverse Tree, Combined Double Binary Turbo Coding and Colour Shift Keying Technique, Improvement of CDMA using Raptor Codes. Several low-cost devices cannot afford to run high-power forward error control coding algorithms, such as Turbo codes. To overcome this Patching Based Extra Short Packet Forward Error Control Coding is also discussed. Additionally, Parallel Concatenation of LDPC Coded SISO-GFDM System, iterative detection and decoding, and Iterative Reception Algorithms for Product Codes are also explored.