Men’s overseas migration can significantly affect the well-being of their left-behind wives (LBWs), an area that has received little research attention in Bangladesh, where thousands of women are geographically separated as a result of this movement. This qualitative study aimed to examine the health impacts of male migration on LBWs in Cumilla district of Bangladesh, a region with high levels of overseas migration. In-depth interviews were conducted with 44 purposively selected LBWs whose husbands have been overseas for at least 5 years, either in a single visit or through multiple visits. Using a semi-structured in-depth interview guide, participants were asked open-ended questions focused on understanding the impacts of husbands’ migration on their health, with probes for deeper insights. Reflective thematic analysis of transcripts revealed both positive and negative outcomes for women’s physical and mental health. Remittances, increased autonomy, lower fertility, and longer birth intervals positively, while long truancy of husband, additional responsibilities, emotional strain, safety concerns, and the persistence of patriarchal gender norms negatively influenced the health of these women. Remittances facilitated improvements in living conditions, healthcare access, and health expenditures, though prolonged spousal separation provoked anxiety, despair, and unhappiness. Additionally, security concerns for children, particularly worries about daughters’ safety, exacerbated declines in mental health. Collectively, these factors had a detrimental impact on overall health outcomes. This study enhances our understanding of how migration shapes the well-being of LBWs in rural Bangladesh and highlights the need to address gender norms to promote women’s health in areas prone to migration.