This chapter draws together the preceding case studies to develop the heuristic of infrastructures for the purpose of population-based medical research further. Based on a discussion of the cases across the different components of the heuristic, it suggests that such infrastructures can be conceived of as sociomaterial, multiple, imaginative and situated entities, characterized by both similarities in light of the contemporary orientation of medical research and situationally shaped differences. Infrastructures for the purpose of population-based medical research thus relate in particular ways to the contemporary state, economic expectations associated with the life sciences, ideas related to the social responsiveness of science and discourses of big data. At the same time, each of these cases shows significant differences that cannot be reduced to specificities of national (research) cultures. Instead, differences between research infrastructures that are all entangled in global scientific networks should rather be understood in terms of juxtaposition of certain elements of similarity and difference related to both analytical decisions and value commitments.