Water scarcity and rapid air pollution have become a huge challenge with the rising population worldwide. Owing to global industrialization, transportation, and radiation, numerous varieties of pollutants are introduced into the different spheres of the environment. These pollutants cause a severe threat to human health and the environment. Considering these issues as an emergency, many improved remediation approaches have been developed. In recent years, 2D materials have gained popularity among researchers in the sustainable remediation of pollutants that emerged in environments. The excellent properties of 2D materials, such as thin structures, strength, larger surface area, and pore size, make them significant and acceptable candidates in remediation and environmental applications. Presently, the chapter emphasizes the ability of 2D materials in the remediation of water and air pollutants. However, the main aim of the chapter is to discuss the properties and application of materials in the removal of pollutants, for example, heavy metals and dyes, from wastewater for the decontamination and purification, removal of seepage oil, and seawater desalination. Evolving 2D materials such as graphene, boron nitride (BN) nanosheets, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and black phosphorus (BP) are discussed in this chapter for remediation purposes. 2D materials introduced to remove particulate matter (PM) for the purification of indoor and environmental air are highlighted. Overview of the latest progress in air filtration. The advantages of effective advanced technologies over conventional methods in improving the quality of air and water and their limitations are reviewed. Further, we have presented the challenges of 2D materials in environmental applications.