Media(ted) Propaganda: Definitions, Infrastructure and Context
摘要
This book conceptualizes propaganda infrastructure as the institutional and technological arrangements that enable and sustain media(ted) propaganda in India. Rather than viewing propaganda merely as content, the framework highlights the systemic liaisons between media, advertising industries, global corporations, and the state that facilitate the capture and appropriation of media spaces. These infrastructures operate to trigger extreme sentiments through manipulation, othering, enemy construction, disinformation, symbolic mobilization, and transnational bullying. Fieldwork and media analyses reveal patterns where propaganda begins with enemy creation, followed by repetition and amplification across mainstream and digital platforms, particularly WhatsApp forwards, Hindutva pop music, and pandemic-related narratives. These circulation practices embed persuasion techniques into everyday life, majoritarianism, normalizing anti-minority hate, and transforming Islamophobia into a mainstream, routinized political discourse in India.