This chapter addresses a critical point of intersection between optical sensor technology and space sustainability, particularly with the management of space debris in aerospace applications. As the number of satellites and other spacecraft proliferates in low Earth orbit (LEO), engineers are increasingly confronted by the heightened risk provided by space debris. High-resolution optical sensors hold promising methodologies to support the detection, monitoring, and mitigation of this fast-growing threat. This chapter demonstrates how advanced concepts in optical sensing technology resolution imaging and spectral analysis can be applied to debris detection and real-time tracking. Those capabilities help ensure safe navigation of operational satellites and improve collision avoidance systems. To set the stage for such discussion, the chapter first describes basic physics governing the operation of optical sensors which may be exploited for beneficial debris management applications. The chapter then develops recent advances in optical sensing technology, especially in materials science that allow for enhanced sensor designs and improvements in data processing algorithms that impact sensor performance and reliability. A few case studies follow this investigation and illustrate how optical sensors are implemented effectively to monitor large objects as well as smaller fragments of space debris. The case studies then present very practical examples of the optical sensor contribution toward debris management and reflect various operational contexts where optical sensors prove their utility. Then, it's a mixed scenario of problems with currently used optical sensor systems related to environmental constraints, limitations of resolution, and integrating data into usable products. These challenges require constant innovation in optical sensing technologies. In the discussion on future trends, the trend will focus on the inclusion of AI and ML techniques in debris tracking systems. With AI and ML, researchers and engineers will be able to enhance predictive analytics to make better decisions regarding debris avoidance management. This forward-looking perspective forms a crucial enabler for smarter and more resilient aerospace operations to be prepared for enhanced safety and sustainability in space activities. The current chapter therefore aims to provide a comprehensive source for engineers, researchers, and industry professionals interested in the potential application of optical sensor technology in the context of effective space debris management. The critical focus on sustainable practices in the aerospace industry this chapter will ensure that long-term space exploration and utilization are feasible and sustainable only with the assistance of optical sensors. It combines theoretical understanding with case studies from real-world examples to ensure better insights into the contribution of advanced optical sensors in the management of space debris toward making aerospace operations safer and more sustainable.