Incorporation of rice straw in the soil is one of most important methods to get higher plant yield agro-ecosystem. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two different rice straw (RS) treatments on various green manures species such as peas (Pisum sativum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) varieties. Further investigate the biomass yield and nutrient use efficiency (NUE). The rice straw treatment is as follows: (T1) no straw incorporation, (T2) RS incorporation at an amount of 3750 kg ha−1, and (T3) RS incorporation at an amount of 7500 kg ha−1. Compared to the no straw treatment, peas showed the highest dry shoot and root biomass production by 79.5 and 87.3%, respectively, on the T3 treatment. While the greatest shoot P uptake abilities were recorded in peas at 127.7%, and chickpeas were 51.8% under the T3 compared to T1 treatment. Green manure species improved K accumulation capacities under rice straw treatments compared to the control. The plant's nutrients uptake capacities showed a significant positive relationship with soil properties. It is concluded that rice straw treatment (particularly in the amount of 7500 kg ha−1) is an effective practice for enhancing nutrient uptake capacities in green manure crops and developing soil fertility status.