Sustainable and effective treatment solutions have become more important as industrial effluences, agricultural runoff, and household wastewater contaminate aquatic bodies. Combining the strong adsorption and water retention qualities of hydrogels with the natural flocculating ability of flocculants, bioflocculant-based hydrogels have become increasingly intriguing alternatives for wastewater treatment. Mostly derived from natural biopolymers, including polysaccharides (chitosan, alginate, cellulose), proteins (gelatine, casein), and microbial flocculants (extracellular polymeric substances). Hybrid materials with charge neutralization, bridging, and adsorption capabilities may remove organic pollutants, heavy metals, suspended particles, and new contaminants like microplastics and dyes simultaneously. This chapter delves into the various synthesis procedures for hydrogels based on bioflocculants, including physical and chemical crosslinking strategies that enhance their structural stability and flocculation efficiency. The methods of contaminants removal, effectiveness under different water conditions (pH, ionic strength), and possible synergy with other treatment techniques like adsorption and membrane filtration have been examined. Notwithstanding its benefits, concerns like biodegradability, reusability, mechanical strength, and large-scale manufacturing need further research. Furthermore, the environmental sustainability and economic viability of bioflocculant-based hydrogels as opposed to synthetic hydrogels and conventional flocculants are addressed. Future research should focus on enhancing stability, optimizing hydrogel compositions, and investigating hybrid materials with great efficiency. This study emphasizes bioflocculant-based hydrogels as a potential environmentally friendly wastewater treatment option, supporting sustainable water management and pollution prevention.