Hydrogels are three-dimensional (3D) network chains prepared from various natural and synthetic polymers with diverse biomedical applications. Hydrogels can be used as ideal dressing material because of their excellent biocompatibility, water absorption, gas exchange, adhesion without causing skin irritation, antimicrobial nature, biodegradability, self-healing and controlled drug release properties. Antimicrobial hydrogels can play a critical role in the prevention of water-borne infections. This chapter highlights the recent advances on antimicrobial hydrogels impregnated with silver nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, carbon dots, graphene oxide and cerium oxide quantum dots. The polymeric counterparts of the hydrogels are mainly comprised of €-polylysine, carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan, dextran, hyaluronic acid, pectin, pluronic-127, polycaprolactone, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, and ulvan. The hydrogels with loaded nanoparticles (NPs) can help in trapping the pathogens and sustained release of antimicrobial agents and their longer retention for enhanced microbicidal activity. Local administration of the antimicrobial hydrogels can efficiently control the spread of the pathogens. Their promises to control multidrug-resistant pathogenic microbes and the underlying mechanism are also discussed. Hence, nanoparticles incorporated antimicrobial hydrogels can be a powerful wastewater treatment strategy for controlling water-borne infections.