This study focuses on the relationship between decent work and employees’ organizational citizenship behavior, deeply exploring the mediating role of need satisfaction and the moderating role of psychological resilience. Through the analysis of 447 valid questionnaires from grassroots employees and managers of multiple enterprises in Sichuan Province, the research findings are as follows: Decent work has a significant positive impact on employees’ organizational citizenship behavior. Need satisfaction plays a partial mediating role between decent work and organizational citizenship behavior. That is, decent work can meet employees’ relational, competence, and autonomy needs, prompting employees to demonstrate more organizational citizenship behaviors. Psychological resilience plays a positive moderating role in the impact of decent work on need satisfaction. Employees with high psychological resilience are more likely to achieve need satisfaction in a decent work environment. Theoretically, this study enriches the research content of the impact of decent work and expands the application of social exchange theory and conservation of resource theory. Practically, it provides a scientific basis for enterprise managers to ensure decent work for employees and promote the effective operation of the organization. Enterprises can stimulate employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors by meeting employees’ needs and ADDIN enhancing employees’ psychological resilience.