As a crucial component of the socio-economy, big data has emerged as a pivotal strategic production factor, leading a new wave of scientific and technological advancements, bringing new opportunities for the development of new quality productivity (NQP). This study uses 284 Chinese cities from 2014 to 2022 as research subjects, takes the National Big Data Pilot Zones (BDPZs) as a quasi-natural experiment, uses the Difference-in-Differences (DID) method, we systematically investigate the impact of establishing National BDPZs on NQP. The study shows that the establishment of national BDPZs significantly enhances NQP, mainly through enhancing digital technological innovation capabilities and accelerating digital inclusive finance development; Dimensional heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the BDPZs effectively promotes the enhancement of innovation productivity, green productivity, and digital productivity, with the most notable enabling effect on green productivity; Heterogeneity analysis of regional characteristics indicates that the establishment of BDPZs facilitates NQP development in key cities and non-resource-based cities. This study proposes policy recommendations to accelerate the construction of digital infrastructure, strengthen R&D investment and talent cultivation, and encourage the innovative application of digital technology and the development of digital inclusive finance, which providing important policy insights for facilitating the development of NQP.