A Geospatial Approach for DEM-Based Surface Hydrological Modelling of Sub-Watersheds Towards Climate Disaster Management
摘要
The management, development, and prioritization of watersheds are essential for preserving not only the water resources but also the surrounding soil and vegetation. This depends on the hydrological evaluation and modelling of a particular watershed. The focus of the study for the watershed management of Bandal River sub-watersheds is based on morphometric analysis method, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM)-based surface hydrological modelling. Bandal River is in the northeast of the Doon Valley and flows around 16 km to meet Song River at Maldevta, Dehradun. This river frequently results in flash floods, cloud bursts, and landslides, especially in the monsoon season due to the valley region and sloping terrain. The combined area of all four sub-watersheds of Bandal River is 82.35 km2. The morphometric analysis of the sub-watersheds was carried out using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM data at a 30 m resolution. Several other significant hydrological and topographical components of sub-watersheds namely, slope, aspect, elevation, and drainage density have been analysed. This study concludes that the Bandal River sub-watersheds have dendritic and parallel drainage patterns with moderate to high relief. The watershed’s dendritic and parallel drainage patterns facilitate understanding of a variety of topographical aspects, such as runoff and infiltration rate. The sub-watersheds 2 and 3 are elongated, sub-watershed 4 is less elongated, and sub-watershed 1 is oval. Additionally, sub-watersheds with an elongated shape are more susceptible to soil erosion and landslides with higher runoff potential. In comparison to other methods, the DEM-based method at the sub-watershed scale is more accurate and efficient for surface hydrological assessment. Various managers and decision-makers in sustainable watershed management would benefit from this study.