As significant carriers of rich historical and cultural information and regional characteristics, traditional settlements are currently facing the dual challenges of internal structural evolution and external environmental changes. This situation places them in a dilemma of protection and development. Social-ecological resilience, as a frontier issue in resilient development, has been extensively applied across various fields and is of strong reference significance for solving the problems faced by traditional settlements. In order to further examine the protection of traditional settlements under the perspective of social-ecology resilience, the article utilizes the Web of Science (WOS) core set and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database as the representative, uses CiteSpace information visualization software to carry out literature research and collation, and analyzes it comprehensively from multiple perspectives through the drawing of knowledge mapping. The results show that social-ecological resilience theory's application to traditional village protection has become a hotspot; ① The international literature research presents a multidisciplinary cross-state and has formed a relatively complete knowledge system. ② Chinese literature research started later but developed faster, and the existing research analyzes the construction mechanism of resilient villages, influencing factors, and their practice paths in depth from multi-dimensions and multi-levels, but the correlation between disciplines is insufficient. Therefore, the article proposes to further strengthen cross-disciplinary research in the future and utilizing contemporary information technology to explore the factors affecting the social-ecological resilience of settlements and the ways to protect and develop traditional villages.