Rapid urbanization and land use changes in metropolitan areas have greatly pressured the ecological environment. The construction of regional ecological security patterns (ESPs) helps to give full play to the functions of ecosystems in terms of material cycling and energy flow, to maintain biodiversity, and to mitigate the conflicts between economic-social development and ecological conservation. Taking three major metropolitan areas in the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (UAMRYR) as the research objects, this study used the MSPA-MCR model to construct ESPs consisting of ecological sources, corridors, and networks. Additionally, the ecological networks of the metropolitan areas were evaluated and compared. The results show that Wuhan, Nanchang, and Changsha metropolitan areas had 37, 26, and 47 ecological sources respectively, mainly consisting of forested land and water bodies. Critical ecological corridors in metropolitan areas were unevenly distributed, connecting rivers, lakes, wetlands, forests, and other large-scale ecological patches. The ecological networks had good closures, with average complexities, presenting overall tree-like structures with a large space for improvement. Finally, this study put forward optimization suggestions, providing references for ecological system construction and territorial spatial planning in the UAMRYR.