On Earth, ground-level cosmic ray flux fluctuates primarily due to two main factors: solar activity in space and atmospheric effects that influence daily variations in particle detector count rates. However, pressure and temperature have a much greater impact than humidity, electric field, and gravity, making their corrections necessary. This study examines the modulation of pressure and temperature corrected cosmic ray intensity (CRI) using data from the Dayalbagh Educational Air Shower Array (DEASA) and Oulu neutron monitor (NM). DEASA, located in India at 27 \(^{\circ } \) N in a mid-latitude region. In contrast, Oulu NM in Finland, is positioned at a high latitude of 65 \(^{\circ } \) N, has a lower cutoff rigidity of 0.8 GV. To eliminate atmospheric pressure dependence from raw secondary cosmic ray data in 2020, we applied linear regression analysis to observed DEASA CRI fluctuations relative to pressure. This analysis yielded a pressure coefficient of \(-0.08 \pm 0.01{ percentpermbarandtemperaturecoefficientof}0.112 \pm 0.04\) per degree for 2020. After applying pressure and temperature corrections, we compared DEASA CRI data with neutron monitor data and found a correlation with Oulu NM, suggesting latitude-dependent response to cosmic ray modulation. We also investigated high and low CRI amplitudes in 2020 by analyzing cosmic ray flux variations across different latitudes. The degree of correlation between DEASA and Oulu NM is found to be 0.008. This comparative analysis highlights how latitude, cutoff rigidity, and atmospheric pressure influence CRI. Our findings enhance the understanding of cosmic ray behavior across different latitudes and provide insights into solar modulation effects, improving CRI accuracy. This work contributes to space weather prediction and broader studies in high-energy astrophysics.

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Comparative Analysis of Cosmic Ray Intensity Variations in DEASA with Neutron Monitors

  • Shivam Kulshrestha,
  • Sonali Bhatnagar

摘要

On Earth, ground-level cosmic ray flux fluctuates primarily due to two main factors: solar activity in space and atmospheric effects that influence daily variations in particle detector count rates. However, pressure and temperature have a much greater impact than humidity, electric field, and gravity, making their corrections necessary. This study examines the modulation of pressure and temperature corrected cosmic ray intensity (CRI) using data from the Dayalbagh Educational Air Shower Array (DEASA) and Oulu neutron monitor (NM). DEASA, located in India at 27 \(^{\circ } \) N in a mid-latitude region. In contrast, Oulu NM in Finland, is positioned at a high latitude of 65 \(^{\circ } \) N, has a lower cutoff rigidity of 0.8 GV. To eliminate atmospheric pressure dependence from raw secondary cosmic ray data in 2020, we applied linear regression analysis to observed DEASA CRI fluctuations relative to pressure. This analysis yielded a pressure coefficient of \(-0.08 \pm 0.01{ percentpermbarandtemperaturecoefficientof}0.112 \pm 0.04\) per degree for 2020. After applying pressure and temperature corrections, we compared DEASA CRI data with neutron monitor data and found a correlation with Oulu NM, suggesting latitude-dependent response to cosmic ray modulation. We also investigated high and low CRI amplitudes in 2020 by analyzing cosmic ray flux variations across different latitudes. The degree of correlation between DEASA and Oulu NM is found to be 0.008. This comparative analysis highlights how latitude, cutoff rigidity, and atmospheric pressure influence CRI. Our findings enhance the understanding of cosmic ray behavior across different latitudes and provide insights into solar modulation effects, improving CRI accuracy. This work contributes to space weather prediction and broader studies in high-energy astrophysics.