GEM Signal Readout PCBs and Their Manufacturing, Validation, and Properties for High Eta Muon Upgrade in CMS
摘要
The High-Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) introduces new challenges for experiments like CMS by substantially increasing the collision rate. To meet this challenge, CMS is deploying GEM stations in its forward muon system to enhance tracking and triggering capabilities in these high-rate environments. The GEM stations require highly advanced, two-layer Printed Circuit Board (PCB) for efficient signal readout and processing, which are specifically designed for the demands of HL-LHC. Operating in high-radiation environments presents unique challenges, particularly for signal readout systems like PCB, which should be suitable for the harsh radiation condition. The fabrication of the PCB involves advanced techniques such as Computer Numerical Control (CNC) drilling, electroless copper plating and passivation to meet the precision demands of HL-LHC. Rigorous validation procedures are essential to guarantee PCB reliability under the extreme conditions of the CMS experiment. This summary focuses on the properties, fabrication processes and performance validation of PCB designed for CMS GEM detectors, ensuring readiness for the HL-LHC era.