This paper focuses on the prediction and analysis of propeller-generated near-field low-frequency noise in shallow water environments. To address this challenge, we propose an innovative acoustic radiation calculation method for propellers, which comprehensively accounts for the acoustic reflection effects from the free water surface and the complex characteristics of the ocean. In developing the low-frequency propeller noise prediction model, the shallow water environment is accurately represented by simulating both the free surface and the seafloor impedance using specialized acoustic simulation software. Through detailed numerical simulations, we uncover the specific mechanisms by which the complex ocean environment influences the near-field noise radiation characteristics of propellers. The findings reveal that while the sound pressure level (SPL) radiated by the propeller follows a similar frequency-dependent trend, significant variations in amplitude are observed at different water depths (near the surface and closer to the seafloor). This insight deepens our understanding of noise propagation characteristics in shallow water regions.