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Currently, 22% (13 Gt CO2-eq) of the total global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are contributed through agriculture, forestry and other land use. India is the world’s fourth biggest emitter of carbon dioxide after China, the United States and the EU27 and in the year 2021 the total carbon emissions were 2648 million tonnes in India. According to the report ‘State of Global Climate 2020’ published by the World Meteorological Organization, in 2019, greenhouse gas concentrations reached new highs, with globally averaged mole fractions of carbon dioxide (CO2) at 410.5 ppm, methane (CH4) at 1877 ppb, and nitrous oxide (N2O) at 332 ppb, respectively, which are increase of 148%, 260% and 123%, respectively, from pre-industrial (before 1750) levels. The Prime Minister of India announced at COP-26, held in Glasgow, United Kingdom, in 2021, the commitment to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2070. The Government of India plans to develop the Indian Carbon Market (ICM), where a national framework will be established to decarbonise the Indian economy by pricing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission through trading of the Carbon Credit Certificates, and is developing the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme. These agricultural practices like agroforestry, conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management, agroecology, livestock management and land restoration help in improved soil health, increased biodiversity, reduced agrochemicals, reduced GHG, increased carbon sequestration, carbon stock, carbon credit etc. The carbon credit or certified emission reduction (CER) is the unit related to the reduction of one tonne of CO2 emission. One tonne of mitigated carbon dioxide in the form of plant biomass is equal to one carbon credit. Currently, global carbon credit prices range from US$1 to US$139, with typical prices around US$20 and EU prices averaging between $7.78 and $25.19, with a global average of approximately US$16.21. The World Bank recommended that the carbon credit price should be US$40–80 in 2020. In India, different companies like ACC, Ambuja Cements, Hindustan Zinc, Infosys Limited, Dalmia Bharat Cement Group, Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd., Tata Steel, and Tata Chemicals set rate of carbon credit price as US$ 47.33, US$ 30.74, US$ 16.33, US$14.25, US$11, US$10, US$15 and US$20, respectively, which vary from US$ 10 to 47.33.

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Role of the Private and Industrial Sectors in Carbon Credit Initiatives

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Abhay Kumar,
  • M. S. Malik,
  • P. R. Oraon,
  • Swati Sabnam,
  • Kerobim Lakra,
  • Ram Gopal,
  • Muneshwar Prasad,
  • Dinesh Mahto,
  • Sunita Kumari

摘要

Currently, 22% (13 Gt CO2-eq) of the total global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are contributed through agriculture, forestry and other land use. India is the world’s fourth biggest emitter of carbon dioxide after China, the United States and the EU27 and in the year 2021 the total carbon emissions were 2648 million tonnes in India. According to the report ‘State of Global Climate 2020’ published by the World Meteorological Organization, in 2019, greenhouse gas concentrations reached new highs, with globally averaged mole fractions of carbon dioxide (CO2) at 410.5 ppm, methane (CH4) at 1877 ppb, and nitrous oxide (N2O) at 332 ppb, respectively, which are increase of 148%, 260% and 123%, respectively, from pre-industrial (before 1750) levels. The Prime Minister of India announced at COP-26, held in Glasgow, United Kingdom, in 2021, the commitment to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2070. The Government of India plans to develop the Indian Carbon Market (ICM), where a national framework will be established to decarbonise the Indian economy by pricing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission through trading of the Carbon Credit Certificates, and is developing the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme. These agricultural practices like agroforestry, conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management, agroecology, livestock management and land restoration help in improved soil health, increased biodiversity, reduced agrochemicals, reduced GHG, increased carbon sequestration, carbon stock, carbon credit etc. The carbon credit or certified emission reduction (CER) is the unit related to the reduction of one tonne of CO2 emission. One tonne of mitigated carbon dioxide in the form of plant biomass is equal to one carbon credit. Currently, global carbon credit prices range from US$1 to US$139, with typical prices around US$20 and EU prices averaging between $7.78 and $25.19, with a global average of approximately US$16.21. The World Bank recommended that the carbon credit price should be US$40–80 in 2020. In India, different companies like ACC, Ambuja Cements, Hindustan Zinc, Infosys Limited, Dalmia Bharat Cement Group, Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd., Tata Steel, and Tata Chemicals set rate of carbon credit price as US$ 47.33, US$ 30.74, US$ 16.33, US$14.25, US$11, US$10, US$15 and US$20, respectively, which vary from US$ 10 to 47.33.