This book documents 12 case studies providing useful knowledge and lessons concerning socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS) with a focus on the roles of SEPLS in ensuring and enhancing ecological connectivity. With the understanding that landscape approaches underpinning SEPLS management can facilitate optimal spatial patterns for ecological connectivity toward more socially and ecologically sound outcomes, it explores how to minimize trade-offs and maximize synergies between multiple factors associated with SEPLS by ensuring the quality of ecological connectivity on a landscape or seascape scale. This book is relevant to the achievement of multiple sustainable development goals (SDGs), particularly SDGs 15 (Life on Land), 14 (Life below Water), and 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), whereas it offers practical and methodological insights into policy-making and implementation to help achieve multiple goals and targets of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), including 2050 Goal A (integrity, connectivity, and resilience of all ecosystems) and 2030 Targets 1 (spatial planning and effective management), 2 (ecosystem restoration), 3 (protected and conserved areas: 30x30), and 11 (ecosystem services and functions). This chapter provides a brief background, including the global importance of ensuring ecological connectivity and related challenges and opportunities, international processes as efforts to ensure and enhance ecological connectivity, and the relevance of SEPLS management to challenges and opportunities for ensuring ecological connectivity. It also clarifies the scope and objectives of this book and presents an overview of case studies and the organization of this book.