Malaysia’s strategic geographical location, economic development, and socio-cultural factors have made it a key destination and transit country for migrant workers, particularly from countries such as Indonesia, Bangladesh, Nepal, Vietnam, and the Philippines (Othman et al. 2023, p. 14). Labour-intensive sectors, such as construction, agriculture, manufacturing, and plantations, as well as the informal sector, including domestic work, rely heavily on migrant labour (Del et al. 2015, p. 4). While this migration has been critical in supporting the country’s growing economic sectors, it has also created vulnerabilities to trafficking in persons (TIP), particularly in the form of forced labour and sex trafficking.