In recent years, with the rapid urban development, numerous engineering activities have been carried out along urban rail transit lines, often impacting the adjacent metro tunnel structures. Among these, significant structural issues have arisen due to engineering loads, such as improper dumping of excavated soil, river channel backfilling, artificial landscaping, and building loads. These issues include tunnel settlement, convergence, misalignment, and severe structural damage such as leakage, segment cracking, and bolt fracture. Additionally, cases of tunnel uplift, leakage at ring and longitudinal joints, and track bed cracking have occurred due to unloading from earth excavation during underground space development. These problems pose serious risks to the structural integrity, durability, and operational safety of the tunnels.