This chapter focuses on providing the context and data used in answering the research question. Secondary data, which was available for the period of 2000–2017 was retrieved the from World Bank, World Atlas, Global Forest Watch, and Nigeria Data Portal. This will be used to answer research question by choosing key indicators like, urban inequility (socio economic), land reclamation, flooding, water security, loss of biodiversity, deforestation, and pollution (environment). These indicators will help to show why the consequences of urban development in Nigeria. The Eko Atlantic city project and Makoko slum case studies will help to future explore the research question.