Urbanization began during the Industrial Revolution and refers to the increasing number of people who live in urban areas (Chen et al. 2014). Urban centres worldwide are perceived as the centre of excellence, centres of opportunities where aspirations and desires are met (Gbadegesin et al. 2011). Urbanisation brings with it both positive and negative dimensions. Positive elements include internal commerce and foreign trade, financial services and economic growth, growth of modern production and industry, education, and other government services, while negative factors that affect health include increased car ownership which results in traffic congestion and air pollution, lack of green areas, creation of slums (illegal real estate and development), sewage pollution, strain on existing urban infrastructure (e.g. transport, housing and health care) due to a rapid increase in population density, and social problems such as socio-economic inequalities (poverty), prostitution, and crime (Cyril et al. 2013).