Gender equality has emerged as a necessary condition for realising sustainable development goals. It has been observed that gender discrimination costs heavily in terms of poor economic growth, challenges the democratisation of polity and society and weakens the process of inclusiveness. Acknowledging the importance of gender equality, United Nations has included gender equality as the fifth out of seventeen goals of sustainable development goals. It has been observed and accepted that building pathways to achieve gender equality is necessary and consequently, gender equality and sustainable development work in close symbiosis. Gender equality must be integral to sustainable development because a gendered and discriminatory policy, program or institution cannot support the idea of sustainability. Likewise, sustainable development provides a fertile ground for gender justice. Re-visiting a longer history of sustainability thinking and feminist scholarship highlights the interlinkages between the two. Also, if we look at the contemporary world, the United Nations recently found out that it will take another 40 years for women and men to be represented equally in national political leadership at the current pace. Therefore, commitment and dedication are needed to accelerate the promotion of laws, policies, budgets and institutions that advance gender equality. Greater investment in research and analysis of gender statistics is vital to monitor Goal Five of sustainable development goals. This chapter provides a theoretical framework for the interlinkages between gender equality and sustainable development, especially in terms of Goal Five i.e. gender equality. Nine targets identified under this goal will also be discussed in detail. The chapter consists of some reflections from the world in terms of achievements and failures regarding gender equality.