SARS-CoV-2 is the novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, a highly infectious disease. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets from an infected person when they sneeze, cough, or speak, leading to symptoms like pneumonia and, in severe cases, respiratory failure. Due to its high contagion, early and accurate diagnosis is vital for controlling the spread, mitigating consequences, and initiating timely treatment. Initially, COVID-19 detection relied on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Now, various serological and immunological assays are used for early detection, including the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the lateral flow immunoassay, the neutralization assay, the luminescent immunoassay, the biosensor test, and the rapid antigen test. These methods vary in efficacy, specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, and cost. This review of the literature on serological and immunological assays outlines their advantages and disadvantages, emphasizing the importance of precise diagnosis in breaking transmission chains and improving patient outcomes. This compilation aims to enhance detection efficiency and quality in greater detail.