The global response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has spurred unprecedented advancements in vaccine technology. This chapter explores three critical types of vaccines developed to combat COVID-19: DNA and RNA vaccines, subunit vaccines (protein and virus-like particles), and viral vaccines (replicating and non-replicating). DNA and RNA vaccines represent a revolutionary approach, utilizing genetic materials to instruct cells to produce viral antigens, thereby eliciting an immune response. Subunit vaccines, including protein and virus-like particle vaccines, focus on specific components of the virus to stimulate immunity without the need for live pathogens. Viral vaccines, both replicating and non-replicating, use modified viruses to present antigens and induce protective immunity. Each vaccine type offers unique advantages and challenges, impacting their development, efficacy, and deployment. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of these vaccine technologies, detailing their mechanisms, clinical progress, and the role they play in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a comparative analysis, we aim to highlight the strengths and limitations of each vaccine type, offering insights into their future applications in pandemic preparedness and beyond.