Maize is the third most important cereal crop globally and is vulnerable to over 112 different diseases. From planting to harvest, major threats include bacterial stalk rot, turcicum leaf blight, downy mildew, leaf and sheath blight, curvularia leaf spot, and fusarium stalk rot. These diseases, particularly prevalent during the pre-harvest stage, pose a significant challenge to increasing maize yields. Their severity and occurrence are largely influenced by climatic conditions and the physiological status of the crop. In India, the average yield loss due to these diseases is approximately 13.2%, with potential losses exceeding 80% under natural or artificially induced epidemic conditions. This chapter presents up-to-date insights into the economic impact, geographic distribution, symptoms, epidemiology, and disease cycles of these pathogens. It also explores integrated management strategies, including the development of resistant varieties through both conventional breeding and biotechnological approaches, along with cultural practices, biological control methods, and chemical treatments aimed at mitigating disease impact in various maize-growing regions.