Insect pests are one of the key biotic stresses affecting 46% of global maize-growing areas leading to significant yield losses. Insect pest management is a regular and continuous process for researchers and maize growers which leads to the continuous evolution of management strategies. Spotted stem borer, pink stem borer, shoot fly, and fall armyworm are the major insect pests of maize resulting in significant yield losses in India. Even though the application of chemical insecticides results in quick control of insect pests, indiscriminate use of these compounds leads to serious negative consequences on the environment, beneficial insects, and human beings. It further leads to the development of resistance in insect pests as well as paving way for the development of more virulent strains or biotypes thus creating a more challenging situation for the management of insect pests to avoid crop yield losses. This situation warrants exploring alternative strategies for effective pest management. In this book chapter, deployment of cultural measures, host plant resistance, agronomical measures, and biological control towards sustainable pest management are discussed. Also, recent advancements in biotechnological approaches like gene or QTL mapping, marker-assisted selection, genome editing, RNA interference, etc. for the development of resistant genotypes as part of insect pest management are also highlighted, which would open a new era of insect management, especially through host plant resistance.