Rydberg atoms owns unique physical properties and have garnered significant attention in the field of microwave quantum measurement. This review outlines the fundamental principles of microwave electric field measurements using Rydberg atoms and compares various measurement techniques, including intensity measurement, frequency measurement, phase measurement, and array measurement. It also highlights the latest research progress in atomic electric field sensing and identifies applications for which these sensors are projected to radar, communications and remote sensing. Finally, the current challenges faced by these technologies are discussed, along with an outlook on future research directions and emerging hotspots.