Keeping in mind the global climate change scenario, it is essential to have increased agricultural and food productivity to meet the clamor of the population worldwide. With better ecological adaptation and a high nutrition profile, foxtail millet is one of the earliest cultivated minor millets that thrives best in different soil and temperature regimes. Foxtail millet with climate-resilient traits acts as a “Nutri-cereal,” having balanced macronutrients and micronutrients. It is the main food grain in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa. With precise information about the origin, domestication, and agricultural productivity of foxtail millet, this chapter focuses on morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular features contributing to climate resilience and its nutritional content to address food security and combat nutritional deficiencies. The recent advancements in “omics” technologies in foxtail millet are comprehensively summarized under genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics studies, which contribute to a crucial understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind climate resilience and nutritional quality in foxtail. A short growth span, eco-adaptive nature, small and less complex genome, high genetic diversity, and genetic relatedness with an efficient C4 physiology make foxtail a model millet crop in developing trait-specific and advanced breeding cultivars. In toto, foxtail millet is becoming one of the favorable crops to counter the imminent threat of climate change and deliver health benefits.