Micronutrient malnutrition remains a widespread global health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Biofortification, defined as the enhancement of micronutrient content and bioavailability in food through conventional breeding, agronomic practices, or modern biotechnological approaches, offers a sustainable strategy to combat hidden hunger. This chapter critically evaluates recent progress in the biofortification of crops. Significant advancements have been achieved in enriching staple crops such as rice, wheat, maize, pearl millet, legumes, sweet potatoes, cassava, and banana with essential micronutrients like iron, zinc, and provitamin A through traditional breeding and genetic engineering. Newer techniques, including genome editing, multi-nutrient transgenic events, and CRISPR-Cas9, are expanding the scope of crop biofortification. Strategies such as dietary modification, genetic selection, and nano-enabled interventions are gaining interest for enhancing micronutrient levels. This chapter also discusses key challenges, including inconsistent nutrient bioavailability, antinutritional compounds, nutrient stability during processing, and consumer acceptance. Regulatory barriers and public perception still influence the wider adoption and scaling of biofortified products. Biofortification is not a panacea but a component of a broader strategy to improve nutritional outcomes. To maximize its effectiveness, future research must prioritize improving bioavailability, confirming long-term health benefits, and integrating biofortification into national nutrition and agricultural frameworks. A multidisciplinary effort involving breeders, food scientists, nutritionists, agronomists, biotechnologists, and policymakers is vital to fully harness biofortification’s potential in addressing global micronutrient deficiencies and achieving Sustainable Development Goals.