China’s basic political systems include the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of community-level self-governance. China’s administrative organs are composed of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China and local people’s governments at all levels under its leadership. Local health administrative departments are under the leadership of the people’s governments at the same level and accept the guidance of the health administrative departments at higher levels. Since the early 1980s, with the rapid growth of China’s economy, the rapid advancement of urbanization, the rapid development of industrialization, the large-scale flow of population, and the deepening of the aging of the population, diseases related to lifestyle and aging have become one of the most important health problems in China.