The global economic and public health crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic forced countries to implement fiscal policies on a scale never seen before. In this chapter, various aspects of fiscal interventions during the pandemic are examined, along with their role, development, and effects in both developed and emerging nations. The study looks at the quick implementation of direct transfers, wage subsidies, tax breaks, and emergency spending plans to stabilize firms, households, and healthcare systems. A comparison of the fiscal responses in the United States (US), European Union (EU), and India, among other major economies, shows variations in terms of their dimension, makeup, and outcomes. Along with the short-term successes in poverty reduction and sectoral recovery, the chapter also examines the imbalances in access to financial aid and its impact on inequality. Here it also takes into account the potential support that international financial organizations like the World Bank and IMF could provide for domestic initiatives. Using real-world case studies and macroeconomic models, this chapter makes suggestions for developing equal and sustainable fiscal frameworks that support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This chapter concludes by emphasizing how important it is to integrate digital infrastructure and establish coordinated, forward-looking policies to ensure quick and transparent policy implementation in future crises.