Literature Review and Conceptual Framework
摘要
In many places around the world, including in Saudi Arabia, live-in women migrant domestic workers (MDWs) confront varying degrees of domination and power asymmetry in their workplace. They grapple with mandatory provisions, such as being tied to specific employers, exit visas, and co-residence requirements, which force them into dependency on their employers. At the same time, these provisions grant employers the authority to exert control over MDWs, leading to exploitative relationships. Moreover, MDWs often endure mistreatment from recruitment agencies that operate with impunity. The lack of cooperation and inaction at the state level further compounds the challenges faced by these workers.