This chapter delves into the fascinating journey of mulberry silk proteins—fibroin and sericin—from their origins in traditional sericulture to their growing significance in modern science. It highlights the biological and structural properties of these proteins, emphasizing their versatility beyond textile use. Fibroin has a ß-sheet structure. It acts as a tough substance used to build scaffolds and wound dressings along with drug carriers for medical uses. Sericin was thrown away when silk was made. People know it adds moisture, stops oxidation, and helps with healing. The chapter presents specifics of extraction methods plus structural understanding plus ways to turn the proteins into tiny forms, for example nanoparticles, films next to hydrogels. This progress gives rise to different paths in medicine, cosmetics and food technology in addition to uses related to the environment. The chapter explains the benefit of silk as a material from nature that breaks down. It shows how old information and current science, including artificial intelligence, are coming together. This changes how silk proteins perform in items created for sustainability and health.