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Plasma bubbles have the potential to disrupt radio communications and satellite navigation systems. The influence of geomagnetic storms on these irregularities remains not fully understood, particularly over the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA). This research analyzes the behavior of post-sunset plasma bubbles over two regions located under the south crest of the EIA: East of Brazil and Northwest of Argentina, during an intense geomagnetic storm on November 3, 2021. We used ionosonde data, Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD), and the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) data. Our observations indicate significant differences in post-sunset effects between these two EIA regions. Eastern Brazil exhibited plasma bubbles before and after the storm, but these were seemingly inhibited during the storm’s recovery phase when observed using space-based instrumentation. However, these structures were not observed in ionosonde data, suggesting that the irregularities were located on the ionospheric top side. In contrast, post-sunset plasma bubbles were not observed at any time during the storm over Northwest Argentina. The potential factors responsible for these differing responses in the post-sunset ionosphere between the two regions will be further investigated.

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Different Plasma Bubble Dynamics over the EIA: a Comparative Study of Geomagnetic Storm Responses in Two Distinct Regions of South America

  • 会议论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Gilda González,
  • Maria Graciela Molina,
  • Marcos Paz,
  • Yamila Melendi

摘要

Plasma bubbles have the potential to disrupt radio communications and satellite navigation systems. The influence of geomagnetic storms on these irregularities remains not fully understood, particularly over the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA). This research analyzes the behavior of post-sunset plasma bubbles over two regions located under the south crest of the EIA: East of Brazil and Northwest of Argentina, during an intense geomagnetic storm on November 3, 2021. We used ionosonde data, Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD), and the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) data. Our observations indicate significant differences in post-sunset effects between these two EIA regions. Eastern Brazil exhibited plasma bubbles before and after the storm, but these were seemingly inhibited during the storm’s recovery phase when observed using space-based instrumentation. However, these structures were not observed in ionosonde data, suggesting that the irregularities were located on the ionospheric top side. In contrast, post-sunset plasma bubbles were not observed at any time during the storm over Northwest Argentina. The potential factors responsible for these differing responses in the post-sunset ionosphere between the two regions will be further investigated.