With growing environmental concerns, electric vehicle (EV) propulsion systems have become a focal point for sustainable transportation solutions. This paper reviews the latest advancements in EV drivetrain components, including high-efficiency batteries, power converters, and electric motor technologies. Additionally, it explores energy management strategies such as regenerative braking and the integration of solar panels to enhance system efficiency and reduce grid dependency. The study identifies key challenges in energy density, thermal management, and reliability, underscoring the importance of these innovations for the future of sustainable mobility.