The cultivation of giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) presents significant potential due to their favorable biological, technical, and economic characteristics. The rapid growth rate, large size, adaptability to diverse cultivation environments, low maintenance requirements, and substantial market demand have positioned giant freshwater prawns as a prominent commodity in several Indo-Pacific nations, including China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia (New & Nair, 2012; Nugroho et al., 2008; Erlangga., 2016; Pillai et al., 2021). The prawns have been cultivated in Indonesia for over four decades due to their numerous advantages, including rapid growth rates, large body size, high-quality meat, omnivorous feeding habits, and robust domestic and international market potential (Marques & Valenti, 2012; Banu & Christianus, 2016; Indarjo et al., 2022). However, giant prawn farming in Indonesia is still experiencing ups and downs, influenced by some factors. Diseases that affect seed availability, decreased quality of the aquaculture environment, and decreased genetic quality of giant freshwater prawns are challenges that must be solved in an integrated manner (Fig. 14.1).