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In nature, the survival and reproduction of populations are influenced by various factors such as habitat, food supply, and mating opportunities. When survival conditions become limited, animals actively disperse to broader habitats in search of additional resources and mating opportunities. Furthermore, the time-lagged activities during specific stages, such as hatching, maturation, and gestation, cause changes in population density to unfold gradually over time rather than occurring instantaneously. Therefore, incorporating environmental heterogeneity, individual mobility, and time delays into ecosystem dynamics models is both necessary and meaningful. This approach significantly enhances the accuracy and realism of the models.

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Ecological Modeling with Nonlocal Delay

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Jingli Ren,
  • Yiwen Tao

摘要

In nature, the survival and reproduction of populations are influenced by various factors such as habitat, food supply, and mating opportunities. When survival conditions become limited, animals actively disperse to broader habitats in search of additional resources and mating opportunities. Furthermore, the time-lagged activities during specific stages, such as hatching, maturation, and gestation, cause changes in population density to unfold gradually over time rather than occurring instantaneously. Therefore, incorporating environmental heterogeneity, individual mobility, and time delays into ecosystem dynamics models is both necessary and meaningful. This approach significantly enhances the accuracy and realism of the models.