Solidarity, Care and the Feminist Commons: Nepali Migrant Women Caring for Survivors of Family Violence in Melbourne, Australia
摘要
Nepali migrant women in Australia are entangled in multiple networks of care. They serve as primary caregivers for their families, while being disproportionately employed in the formal care and service sectors (ABS, People in Australia who were born in Nepal: 2021 census country of birth quickstats. https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/7105_AUS , 2021). Within the patriarchal hierarchies of kinship, women are expected to provide the majority of care, often without reaping its benefits. Simultaneously, within the hierarchies of racial capitalism, migrant women of colour work in relatively undervalued and underpaid roles, particularly in aged care, childcare, hospitality and cleaning. Most migrant women are responsible for managing households, meeting family expectations and undertaking multiple low-paying jobs on top of their gender-prescribed roles. Their contributions to economic development and their financial contributions to their families often go unrecognised. Within the diaspora, however, migrant feminist collectives are a rising force. These collectives are not only challenging the established hierarchy but are also reshaping it by nurturing horizontal, lateral networks of care. Through an (auto)ethnography of A Band of Women, a Nepali migrant women’s group in Melbourne, we show how communities of care are key to ensuring the safety of victim-survivors. Communities of care can transform victims into survivors, and survivors can transform communities of care. Survivors inject their communities with the politics of the feminist commons, disavowing hierarchy and insisting that we common responsibility for social and structural care (Woodly, The politics of care. Lecture at The New School. [Video]. YouTube, 2020; and Woodly et al., The politics of care. Contemporary Political Theory, 20(4), 890–925, 2021). A Band of Women has ignited feminist solidarity through joyful and embodied activism via sports, dancing, hiking, celebrating festivals, cultural outings and online discussion forums. What sets them apart is their leadership—survivors of family violence who boldly prioritise the safety and care needs of women of colour. By suspending and inverting the hegemonic direction of structural care—which usually flows from women to structurally privileged others—we argue that such communities of care are creating a new feminist commons (Ticktin, Building a feminist commons in the time of COVID-19. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 47(1), 37–46, 2021). Rejecting sovereign individualism and embracing ontological interdependency (de la Bellacasa, Matters of care: Speculative ethics in more than human worlds. University of Minnesota Press, 2017), A Band of Women insists that the safety of racialised women is a communal, common, structural responsibility. From them, we can learn not only about the lived experiences of racialised victim-survivors, but also about the feminist communities of care which enable them to survive.