The practical applications of xylanases have made them highly sought after in pulp and paper, biofuel, animal feed and the food and textile industries. Most of the world’s environmental microorganisms cannot be cultured under current enzyme discovery methods. Scientists are using metagenomics, a technique that focuses on all the genes in an environment without culturing, to discover novel xylanases with different ways of catalyzing reactions. Metagenomic techniques utilized in finding and characterizing unique xylanases are fully explained in this chapter. The methods cover the creation of metagenomic libraries, screening of xylanase genes through simulations, to cloning, expressing and purifying those genes. A list of important methods is presented for evaluating how stable, active and useful for industry an enzyme is. The chapter also examines the different uses of metagenome-producing xylanases and looks at their effects on making different industries more sustainable. Importance is given to combining bioinformatics, synthetic biology and high-throughput functional screening to address current problems and help find better xylanases. Here, we show that metagenomics is essential for improving the variety of xylanases and inspiring changes in enzyme bioprocessing.