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This chapter introduces a novel 3D oscillating gradient prepared gradient and spin echo (3D OGprep-GRASE) sequence for short diffusion time time-dependent diffusion MRI (TDDMRI) on a clinical 3 T system. This sequence was developed to address limitations of conventional 2D oscillating gradient echo-planar imaging (OG-EPI), such as long scan times and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Comparisons with 2D OG-EPI demonstrated that the 3D OGprep-GRASE sequence significantly reduced scan times and improved SNR, particularly for larger imaging volumes. The improved SNR led to better diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reconstruction with reduced noise and image distortion. Additionally, a 3D pulsed gradient prepared gradient and spin echo (3D PGprep-GRASE) sequence was developed for long diffusion times, and both sequences were used to investigate the diffusion time dependence of diffusion parameters in human brain tissue, showing similar sensitivity to ADC changes as 2D EPI. The findings suggest that the 3D OGprep-GRASE sequence offers significant advantages for clinical TDDMRI applications, paving the way for improved brain disease diagnosis and tracking.

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3D Diffusion Gradient Prepared Gradient and Spin Echo Imaging

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Dan Wu,
  • Haotian Li,
  • Qinfeng Zhu,
  • Xingzhou Chen,
  • Li-Ang Xu

摘要

This chapter introduces a novel 3D oscillating gradient prepared gradient and spin echo (3D OGprep-GRASE) sequence for short diffusion time time-dependent diffusion MRI (TDDMRI) on a clinical 3 T system. This sequence was developed to address limitations of conventional 2D oscillating gradient echo-planar imaging (OG-EPI), such as long scan times and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Comparisons with 2D OG-EPI demonstrated that the 3D OGprep-GRASE sequence significantly reduced scan times and improved SNR, particularly for larger imaging volumes. The improved SNR led to better diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reconstruction with reduced noise and image distortion. Additionally, a 3D pulsed gradient prepared gradient and spin echo (3D PGprep-GRASE) sequence was developed for long diffusion times, and both sequences were used to investigate the diffusion time dependence of diffusion parameters in human brain tissue, showing similar sensitivity to ADC changes as 2D EPI. The findings suggest that the 3D OGprep-GRASE sequence offers significant advantages for clinical TDDMRI applications, paving the way for improved brain disease diagnosis and tracking.