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The primary aim of the present study is to analyze the association of ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X with athlete status, playing status and lower limb explosive power performance in Malaysian footballers. A total of 77 Malay male footballers (professional, n = 22; non-professional, n = 55) were recruited and their anthropometry, body composition and lower limb explosive power performance (vertical jump and 30-m sprint) were assessed. Genotyping of ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms were carried out by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction and the results showed that ACE I/D polymorphism, but not ACTN3 R577X polymorphism, was significantly associated with athlete status, playing status as well as vertical jump performance. More specifically, the ACE I/D polymorphism was associated with athlete status under the I-allele dominant model (II + ID vs. DD: OR = 4.21; 95% CI: 1.16–15.23). However, professional players were found to be more likely to possess a D allele as compared to non-professional players (D vs. I: OR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.24–6.02). The ACE I/D polymorphism accounted for ≈6% to 14% of the genetic variance for jump performance with the additive allelic model (13.9%) explaining a larger portion of the genetic variance as compared to the I-allele dominant (9.3%) and D-allele dominant (6.4%) models. The association of ACE I/D polymorphism with athlete status, playing status and vertical jump performance found in the present study extend the knowledge in the area of genetic association research in football with specific reference to Malaysian footballers.

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The Association of ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X Polymorphisms with Athlete Status, Playing Status and Vertical Jump Performance in Malaysian Footballers

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Nur Fatihah Saidi,
  • Chee Hian Tan,
  • Raja Mohammed Firhad Raja Azidin,
  • Choo Yee Yu,
  • Geik Yong Ang

摘要

The primary aim of the present study is to analyze the association of ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X with athlete status, playing status and lower limb explosive power performance in Malaysian footballers. A total of 77 Malay male footballers (professional, n = 22; non-professional, n = 55) were recruited and their anthropometry, body composition and lower limb explosive power performance (vertical jump and 30-m sprint) were assessed. Genotyping of ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms were carried out by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction and the results showed that ACE I/D polymorphism, but not ACTN3 R577X polymorphism, was significantly associated with athlete status, playing status as well as vertical jump performance. More specifically, the ACE I/D polymorphism was associated with athlete status under the I-allele dominant model (II + ID vs. DD: OR = 4.21; 95% CI: 1.16–15.23). However, professional players were found to be more likely to possess a D allele as compared to non-professional players (D vs. I: OR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.24–6.02). The ACE I/D polymorphism accounted for ≈6% to 14% of the genetic variance for jump performance with the additive allelic model (13.9%) explaining a larger portion of the genetic variance as compared to the I-allele dominant (9.3%) and D-allele dominant (6.4%) models. The association of ACE I/D polymorphism with athlete status, playing status and vertical jump performance found in the present study extend the knowledge in the area of genetic association research in football with specific reference to Malaysian footballers.