This study evaluates sex differences in the probability of high knee load, a key predictor of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk, using a clinic-based injury prediction algorithm among volleyball players at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM, Shah Alam, Selangor). Twenty-two injury-free players (11 males, 11 females) participated in the study. The participants completed drop vertical jump tasks, as well as concentric knee extension and flexion tasks utilizing the isokinetic dynamometer on their dominant leg. Female players exhibited greater knee valgus motion and smaller knee flexion angles at landing compared to their male counterparts. However, both sexes showed no significant differences in the probability percentage of high knee load (p = 0.78). Particularly, most male players have longer tibia length, which may be contributing to the high probability. In contrast, female players tend to move their knees inwards during landing which may cause extra loading on the ACL during impact. The findings indicate that although differences in knee mechanics between sexes are present, they do not substantially impact the overall risk evaluation provided by the clinic-based algorithm. Implementing effective prevention strategies should prioritize improving landing mechanics and enhancing the strength of lower limb muscles to mitigate the risk of ACL injuries.

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Sex Comparison of ACL Injury Risk Using a Clinic-Based Algorithm Among Volleyball Athletes UiTM

  • Raihana Sharir,
  • Muhammad Hidayat Jamaludin,
  • Ezhan Iqbal Zulkiflie,
  • Radin Rafeeuddin

摘要

This study evaluates sex differences in the probability of high knee load, a key predictor of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk, using a clinic-based injury prediction algorithm among volleyball players at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM, Shah Alam, Selangor). Twenty-two injury-free players (11 males, 11 females) participated in the study. The participants completed drop vertical jump tasks, as well as concentric knee extension and flexion tasks utilizing the isokinetic dynamometer on their dominant leg. Female players exhibited greater knee valgus motion and smaller knee flexion angles at landing compared to their male counterparts. However, both sexes showed no significant differences in the probability percentage of high knee load (p = 0.78). Particularly, most male players have longer tibia length, which may be contributing to the high probability. In contrast, female players tend to move their knees inwards during landing which may cause extra loading on the ACL during impact. The findings indicate that although differences in knee mechanics between sexes are present, they do not substantially impact the overall risk evaluation provided by the clinic-based algorithm. Implementing effective prevention strategies should prioritize improving landing mechanics and enhancing the strength of lower limb muscles to mitigate the risk of ACL injuries.