Chloroplasts are semi-autonomous organelles. They are the key player in the life cycle of plants from the young seedling stage to the senescing plant stage. This organelle is also accountable for the independent establishment of young seedlings as it is responsible for the photosynthetic activity. During senescence and in response to most stresses, it is the first organelle to undergo degradation. Carbon, nitrogen and micronutrients stored in the chloroplast are remobilized to the sink and play a key role either in the growth or productivity of the plant. Under stressed conditions, chloroplasts are responsible for the survival of the plant. Chloroplast degradation comprises both intra- and extraplastidial degradation of different components. Intraplastidial degradation includes alternation and breakdown of the thylakoid membrane system, degradation of various constituents of the chloroplast such as pigments, proteins, starch, and nucleic acid, along with an increase in the size and number of plastoglobules. Alternation and disruption of the chloroplast envelope also occurs. Extraplastidial degradation basically occurs by autophagy, which includes macro and microautophagy. Autophagy can be vesicle-mediated and/or ubiquitin-mediated. The role of chaperones is not yet reported in chlorophagy (selective degradation of chloroplast materials). In this chapter, various processes taking place in the chloroplast at the time of senescence are described.