Elaioplasts are specialized, non-photosynthetic plastids found in certain plant tissues, primarily responsible for synthesizing and storing lipids. As a unique type of leucoplast, elaioplasts play crucial roles in non-photosynthetic organs, such as the tapetum layer of flowers. These organelles are essential for pollen development, providing lipid materials for the pollen coat, which is critical for pollen viability, dispersal, and interactions with pollinators. This chapter explores the structure, function, and metabolic pathways of elaioplasts, emphasizing their roles in lipid metabolism and secondary metabolite production. Beyond lipid metabolism, elaioplasts are also involved in hormone biosynthesis, such as jasmonates and abscisic acid (ABA), which are essential for regulating plant growth, stress responses, and defence mechanisms. This multifunctional nature places elaioplasts at the intersection of primary and secondary metabolism, making them key organelles for various physiological and developmental processes in plants. Overall, this chapter provides an in-depth overview of elaioplast biology and its roles in lipid and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. It offers valuable insights for biotechnological applications aimed at enhancing oil yield and quality in crop plants, with an emphasis on future research to further clarify the factors governing elaioplast development and function for improved agricultural productivity. The chapter concludes by highlighting future research directions to better understand the genetic and environmental factors regulating elaioplast development and function. A deeper understanding of these regulatory networks could facilitate the manipulation of elaioplast pathways to optimize oil production in agricultural crops, thereby supporting sustainable agriculture and meeting the growing global demand for plant-based oils.