The current global governance regimes, established after World War II, are struggling to address some most pressing global challenges. Dominated by nation-states and intergovernmental organizations, these regimes are finding it difficult to tackle issues such as global climate change, socio-economic poverty and development in the Global South, and peace and security concerns in the Near and Middle East, Ukraine, and other conflict zones. These shortcomings underscore the need for more diverse, inclusive, restorative, and non-aggression decolonial governance institutions and principles. This article introduces the concept of planetary governance as a potential solution. It proposes the establishment of a planetary governance council, which would operate based on decolonial principles promoting diversity, inclusivity, restoration, and non-aggression, to confront global challenges. This council may be composed of planetary committees of social-political, bio, noo, and technodiversity, with members from non-governmental organizations, intellectuals, and the private sector, including technology leaders, who are often overlooked in current global governance regimes. The planetary committees may appoint representatives or experts to panels of fact-finding on specific matters, which will monitor, investigate, and report non-compliance practices in the international community caused by state or non-state actors, and recommend non-aggression resolution proposals to the council or committees. The article argues that planetary governance could help to address global climate change, peace, and security issues in conflict zones, and socio-economic challenges in the Global South. It aims to complement and enhance existing governance regimes, offering a more accountable and responsive approach to global challenges. Planetary governance is crucial to China’s leadership in global governance and sustainable development because it aligns with China’s vision of a shared future for mankind and its commitment to multilateralism. The existing global governance system, rooted in post-WWII structures, fails to effectively address pressing issues like climate change, inequality, and conflict resolution. By championing planetary governance—a decolonial, inclusive framework—China can position itself as a leader in shaping a more equitable and sustainable world order. A planetary governance council, incorporating diverse stakeholders beyond traditional state actors, would enhance accountability and innovation in tackling transnational challenges. China’s support for such initiatives would reinforce its role as a bridge between the Global South and developed nations, advancing cooperative solutions while upholding principles of non-aggression and restorative justice. This approach not only complements China’s Belt and Road Initiative and climate goals but also strengthens its influence in redefining twenty-first-century governance paradigms.