Barriers to Implementing the 15-Minute City Concept in Tier Two Cities: A Case Study of Gwalior
摘要
This study investigates the barriers to implementing the 15-min city concept in Gwalior, a Tier Two city in India. A cross-sectional survey of 457 respondents was conducted using stratified random sampling, with data collected through an online Google Form between January and July 2024. Key barriers identified include high dependency on private vehicles, unplanned urban sprawl, economic constraints, and lack of public transport. The Barrier Severity Index (BSI) was used to rank the importance of each barrier, revealing vehicle dependency and sprawl as the most significant challenges. Hypotheses related to demographic differences in the perception of barriers were tested using ANOVA and t-tests, showing significant differences across age, gender, education, and income levels. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers aiming to overcome these barriers and promote sustainable urban development in Gwalior.